An oxygen sensor, also known as an O2 sensor or lambda sensor, is a critical component in modern automotive and industrial systems. It plays a pivotal role in monitoring and controlling the level of oxygen in gases, particularly the exhaust gases produced by internal combustion engines. The primary function of an oxygen sensor is to measure the amount of unburned oxygen in the exhaust stream and provide real-time feedback to the engine control unit (ECU).
The sensor achieves this by utilizing a chemical reaction between the oxygen present in the exhaust gas and a reference gas within the sensor. This reaction generates an electrical voltage that varies based on the oxygen concentration. The ECU then uses this voltage signal to adjust the air-fuel mixture being delivered to the engine’s combustion chambers. This process, known as closed-loop feedback control, optimizes fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, and ensures proper engine performance.
Oxygen sensors are available in various types, including zirconia sensors and wideband sensors. Zirconia sensors operate based on the difference in oxygen concentration between the exhaust gas and a reference chamber, while wideband sensors provide more accurate and rapid readings, allowing for precise control of the air-fuel mixture.
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