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Zirconia Pad Printing Rings For High-Performance Printing Solution

In the contemporary industrial realm, pad printing technology finds extensive application across diverse surfaces, such as plastic, metal, glass, and ceramics. With the escalating demand for high-quality and durable prints, traditional pad printing rings frequently fail to fulfill the exacting printing requirements. Nevertheless, zirconia pad printing rings have emerged as the preeminent solution, presenting remarkable performance and durability.

What Are Zirconia Pad Printing Rings?

Zirconia represents an advanced ceramic material renowned for its extraordinary hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. Zirconia pad printing rings are fabricated using this robust material, thereby constituting essential components within pad printing systems that necessitate outstanding durability and precision.

Advantages of Zirconia Pad Printing Rings:

1.Superior Wear Resistance
The elevated hardness of zirconia confers significantly enhanced wear resistance in comparison to conventional metal or plastic materials. Even during prolonged and high-frequency printing operations, zirconia rings manifest minimal wear, leading to an extended service life and diminished maintenance requirements.

2.Outstanding Corrosion Resistance
In pad printing, exposure to various inks and chemicals can readily corrode standard materials. Zirconia’s exceptional chemical stability endows it with robust resistance to most corrosive substances, guaranteeing that the rings maintain consistent and reliable performance over time.

3.Precision Printing Capabilities
Zirconia pad printing rings possess a smooth and uniform surface finish, ensuring accurate and consistent print quality. This renders them particularly apt for applications demanding intricate details and high-quality outcomes, such as those in the electronics and medical device industries.

4.High-Temperature Stability
Zirconia retains its physical properties even under high temperatures, ensuring that printing quality remains unaffected by thermal fluctuations. This characteristic is of crucial importance for pad printing equipment that operates continuously over extended periods.

Zirconia pad printing rings Applications:

Zirconia pad printing rings are ideal for industrial printing operations that require high precision, efficiency, and durability. Key application areas include:

·Consumer Electronics: Precise marking and detailed pattern printing
·Medical Devices: Clear and durable labeling for instruments
·Automotive Industry: Long-lasting part marking and logos
·Luxury Packaging: High-end decorative prints and anti-counterfeiting features

Why Choose Zirconia Pad Printing Rings?

Opting for zirconia pad printing rings augments printing quality while considerably reducing long-term maintenance costs and minimizing downtime. Whether your aim is to enhance product quality or streamline production processes, investing in zirconia pad printing rings constitutes a strategic and cost-effective advancement.

Innovacera Zirconia Ring Type-SD/DD/SS/DS

Zirconia Ring Dimension（Accept customization）

SPECIFICATION
OD	ID	H	OD	ID	H	OD	ID	H
25 18 10			90 82 12			140 131 15
50	40	10	92	86	9.5	145	135	12
60 50 12			94 86 12			150 140 12
60	53	12	95	90	5.4	155	150	5.2

Zirconia pad printing rings are redefining industrial printing by offering unparalleled efficiency and quality.

Consult with Innovacera

If you want to know how zirconia pad printing rings can transform your operations or any questions, welcome to contact Innovacera at sales@innovacera.com.

MCH Heater Used For Oxygen Sensor

Today we are going to introduce another popular application of the MCH heater used for oxygen senor, also called lambda sensor(O2 SENSOR).

LAMBDA SENSOR (O2 SENSOR)

The lambda sensor, also called lambda probe, measures the level of oxygen in exhaust gases and it’s placed on the engine exhaust. By analyzing the waveforms of operation of the lambda sensor in different modes of engine operation, functioning of the sensor itself can be assessed as well as the functioning of the engine management system on the whole. Sign of a malfunctioning lambda sensor is increased fuel consumption, vehicle dynamics reduction, loss of engine power, erratic idling or incorrect idle speed.

What is an oxygen sensor and how it works

Petrol engines require an exact air-fuel mixture proportion for a proper operation. The proportion, in which the fuel burns completely and effectively, is called a stoichiometric and is exactly 14.7:1. This means that one part of fuel must be mixed with 14.7 parts of air. In practice, this air-fuel proportion varies depending on the engine operation mode and the mixture formation. Thus the engine is uneconomic.

The excess air coefficient – L (lambda) characterizes how far is the actual fuel-air mixture from the stoichiometric (14.7:1). This mixture is considered optimal and in this case L = 1. If L < 1, we have a lack of air and the mixture is enriched. When L = 0.85 – 0.95 engine power is increased. If L > 1, there is an excess of air and the mixture is leaned. Engine power drops down when L = 1.05 – 1.3, but the economy rises. At L > 1.3 mixture becomes impossible to ignite and engine misfire occurs. Petrol engines reach their maximum power when a lack of air 5-15% (L = 0.85 – 0.95) is present, and a minimum fuel consumption is achieved with an excess air of 10 – 20% (L = 1.1 – 1.2).

Thereby when the engine is working, the proportion L is constantly varying in the range 0.9 – 1.1 and this is the lambda regulation operating range. When the engine warms up to its operating temperature and it’s not loaded (i.e. idling), keeping the equality L = 1 is essential in order the catalytic converter to completely fulfill its purpose and reduce the vehicle’s emissions to a minimum.

Oxygen sensor is mounted on the exhaust manifold so that exhaust gases can be on the streamline of its working surface. In essence the oxygen sensor is a galvanic current source, which changes its output voltage according to the temperature and the environment oxygen content. Depending on the exhaust gases oxygen concentration, a different output signal appears. Shape of this signal depends on the type of material the sensor is made from. Thus the oxygen sensor reports the onboard controller the amount of oxygen in exhaust gases. Clock edge of the signal between its “high” and “low” state, is negligible and can be ignored. The onboard controller receives signal from the oxygen sensor, compares it with a value stored in its memory and if the signal differs from the optimal for the current mode, it adjusts the fuel injection duration in both directions. Thus, by the implementation of a feedback and a correct operation mode, a maximum fuel economy and minimum harmful gases, is achieved.

Types of oxygen sensors
According to the substance used in their sensitive element, are:
Zirconium (zirconium oxide)
Titanium (titanium oxide)
Wideband

According to their design:
Single-wire lambda sensor
Two-wire lambda sensor
Three-wire lambda sensor
Four-wire lambda sensor

Single-wire lambda sensor was used in the early injection systems with a feedback (lambda regulation). It has only one terminal, which is the signal terminal. Sensor ground is its housing and it connects to the engine ground through the exhaust pipes.

Two-wire lambda sensor has a separate grounding cable. It was used in the early injection systems with a feedback (lambda regulation) also.

Disadvantage of the single-wire and the two-wire sensors is that their operating temperature range starts at 300 ºC. Sensor will not work and will not produce a signal until this temperature is reached. It was necessary for the sensor to be mounted as close to the engine cylinders as possible in order to heat and wrap from the hottest exhaust gases stream. Process of heating the sensor slows down the regulation process of the onboard controller because of the feedback. In addition, using the exhaust pipe as a signal ground requires sensor’s thread to be coated with a special electrically conductive paste, which increases the possibility of a bad contact in the feedback circuit.

In the three-wire lambda sensors, is a special heating element inside which is constantly turned on when the engine is working and thus it’s reducing the heating time of the sensor to the working temperature. This allows installation of the sensor on the exhaust manifold, near the catalytic converter. Disadvantage is the need of electrically conductive grease.

In the four-wire oxygen sensors – two of the terminals are the heater terminals and the other two, the signal terminals.

The structure of the ceramic heater in the oxygen sensor

The picture of MCH ceramic heater for oxygen sensor

Why use MCH heater?
-Quick Heating
-Temperature Stability
-Energy Efficiency:
-Uniform Heating
-Compact Design

The properties of MCH heater

Item	Unit	Alumina Heater
Max.Working temperature	°C	1050
Working temperature	°C	850
Thermal conductivity	W/m.k	21
Specific Heat	J/kg.k	0.78X10³
Expansion	/°C(40-800°C)	0.78X10^-6
Hardness （load 500g）	Gpa	13.5
Flexural	Mpa	320

Blow is the Temperature curve and TCR value for MCH heater

More application for MCH heater
E-cig, 3D printer, soldering iron, smart bide/Instant water heating, new energy vehicle, small home appliances such as kettles, hair straighteners, curlers, hair dryer etc.

Conclusion
MCH heaters have great performance for the oxygen sensor by offering rapid heating, precise temperature control, and energy efficiency. These advanced heating elements enable oxygen sensor to work with greater accuracy and effectiveness.

If you have any question about the MCH heater, welcome to contact us at sales@innovacera.com.

Zirconia ceramic plunger for fuel diesel engines

Innovacera has rich experience in producing zirconia ceramic plungers for diesel injector valves market and high precision ceramic machining process, the diesel injector valve is one of main components of fuel diesel engine, The ceramic plungers core material Innovacera provided is zirconium oxide (ZrO2) which is good material of choice for joining ceramic and steel. Due to the material of plunger is zirconia yttria fine grain which is high corrosion resistance and zirconia ceramic metering plungers can be machined high precision such as +/-0.005mm and good surface finish, these help to improve the efficiency and stability of the diesel fuel injector.

Innovacera zirconia ceramic plungers with barrel was installed in diesel injector valves and widely used in QSM11 and ISM11diesel engine fuel injector. In the diesel engines part, generally this diesel injector ceramic core common model is 3411711, so if you need this kind ceramic plunger core to repair, you can tell us you need the 3411711. We also produce zirconia ceramic plunger for N14 injector ceramic plunger and L20 injector ceramic plunger, customized plunger for new product is available too.

Zirconia ceramic plunger used in the diesel fuel injector pump for diesel engine

Some of the earlier ISX engines used zirconia ceramic plunger rods in the diesel fuel pumps. These ceramic plunger rods is belong to diesel power edhydrojet machin pump parts. Innovacera zirconia ceramic plunger rods with sleeve was installed in QSl9 or CCR1600 3973228 diesel injector pump and widely used in diesel engine fuel pump. In the diesel engines part, generally call this ceramic plunger common model of 4088593, Ceramic Plunger and sleeve 4088593 so if you need this kind plunger to repair, you can tell us you need the product of 4088593. We also make customized plunger for new research product.

Ceramic plunger for fuel diesel injection engine advantage:

1.Excellent strength
2.High corrosion resistance
3.High fracture toughness
4.High resistance to crack propagation
5.High wear resistance
6.Low thermal conductivity
7.High thermal expansion
8.High dimensional accuracy and surface finish

Zirconia ceramic material properties:

Technical Parameter	Technical Item	Unit	Value
Physical Properties	Major content	%	ZrO2＋HfO2: 94.65%, Y2O3: 5.35%
	Density	g/cm³	≥6.0
	Water absorption	%	0.00
Mechanical Properties	Hardness	HV	1,400.00
	Bending Strength	Kgf/mm²	11.00
	Compressive Strength	Kgf/mm²	25.00
Temperature Properties	Thermal Expansion Coefficient (0-1000℃)	(10^-6/K)	9.5*10^-6
	Thermal Shock Resistance	T（℃）	360.00
	Thermal Conductivity	W/m.k	3.00
	Volume Resistance Rate (20℃)	(Ω·cm)	>10¹²

How the Ceramic Plunger work in a Diesel Engine?

In traditional diesel fuel supply systems, the injection pump plays a critical role in the high-pressure fuel circuit by raising diesel fuel pressure to approximately 10 MPa to supply fuel to the corresponding injector. In modern high-pressure common-rail electronic control systems, the injector is regulated by the ECU, while the injection pump still serves to increase diesel pressure. The injector itself is responsible for delivering diesel fuel into the engine cylinder in a fine mist form.

The fuel injection pump directs fuel to the injector. Located in the cylinder head, the injector is connected to the high-pressure fuel line and sits between the camshaft and this fuel line. The injector is a highly precise component, requiring an extensive dynamic flow range, robust anti-clogging and anti-contamination capabilities, and optimal atomization performance.

Upon receiving high-pressure diesel, the injector atomizes the fuel into tiny droplets through its precision ceramic plunger nozzle, with droplet diameters typically between a few to several tens of microns. This precise atomization ensures thorough mixing of fuel and air, optimizing combustion efficiency.

Some diesel engines have special requirement, the fuel supply pressure from the injection pump must remain within a tightly controlled range, and the diesel injector’s ceramic plunger nozzle core hole must meet very stringent accuracy requirements. These specifications help ensure fuel atomization quality and precise injection positioning, thereby enhancing the engine’s power, efficiency, and emissions performance.

Consult with Innovacera

Innovacera has good ability in machining super high accuracy ceramic components, If you need any ceramic plunger for diesel fuel injector engine or any technology questions, welcome to contact Innovacera at sales@innovacera.com or 86 592 558 9730, we will do our best to meet your requirement.

Working Principle and Common types Of Electric Soldering Iron

One of the popular application for MCH heater is the soldering iron, due to MCH heater provide fast heat up time and temperature stability, today let’s to know more about it.

Electric soldering iron is a common welding tool, widely used in electronic, electrical, communication and other fields. It is known for its easy operation and high welding efficiency. We will introduce the structure, working principle, use method, and how to choose the right electric soldering iron.

Working principle and structure of electric soldering iron

The operating principle of the electric soldering iron is based on heat conduction and electrothermal effect. It consists of a thermocouple, a heating element, a temperature control device and a handle. After the electric iron is energized, the heating element generates high temperature, and the thermocouple senses the temperature of the heating element and transmits the information to the temperature control device. The temperature control device will control the power supply of the heating element according to the set temperature, so that the electric soldering iron can maintain a stable operating temperature.

The electric soldering iron usually consists of a pen tip, a handle and a power cord. The pen tip is considered the most critical part, generally made of copper or steel, and tinned on the surface to improve thermal conductivity and service life. The handle is used for holding, effectively preventing heat conduction to the user’s hand, bringing a comfortable feeling. The power cord connects the soldering iron to the power supply to power the soldering iron to work.

Common types of electric soldering iron

The common types of electric iron on the market are: external heat type electric iron, internal heat type electric iron, constant temperature electric iron, tin absorbing electric iron and so on.

External heat type electric iron
The heating element is distributed on the outside of the cylindrical soldering iron head.Heating is slow but more secure.

Internal heat type electric iron
The heating element is inside the hollow iron head. It is fast heating and light weight.

Below is compare for two type of the soldering iron

External heat type electric iron	Internal heat type electric iron
Using natural mica heating core, durable	High quality ceramic heating core, fast heating
Lead-free long life soldering iron head, high thermal efficiency	Lead-free long life soldering iron head, high thermal efficiency
The iron head wraps the heating core,Heat from inside.	The iron head wraps the heating core,Heat from inside.

When choosing a soldering iron, you should take into account specific demand factors, such as heating speed, temperature control, and durability. It is also necessary to ensure that the products meet the safety requirements and have reliable quality to obtain a good use experience and welding effect.

Blow is the Temperature curve and TCR value for MCH heater

We suggest to use MCH heater due to below benefits:

1.Fast Heat-Up Time: MCH heaters heat up quickly due to their low thermal mass, reducing the wait time before you can start soldering.

2.Temperature Stability: These heaters offer excellent temperature control and stability, maintaining consistent heat levels even during prolonged use.

3.Energy Efficiency: MCH heaters are highly efficient in converting electrical energy into heat, minimizing energy wastage and reducing operational costs.

4.Uniform Heating: The uniform heat distribution across the ceramic surface ensures that the soldering tip reaches and maintains the desired temperature evenly.

5.Compact Design: MCH heaters are compact and lightweight, contributing to the overall ergonomic design of modern soldering irons.

The properties of MCH heater

Item	Unit	Alumina Heater
Max.Working temperature	°C	1050
Working temperature	°C	850
Thermal conductivity	W/m.k	21
Specific Heat	J/kg.k	0.78X10³
Expansion	/°C(40-800°C)	0.78X10^-6
Hardness （load 500g）	Gpa	13.5
Flexural	Mpa	320

More application for MCH heater
E-cig, 3D printer, auto/motor oxygen sensor, smart bide/Instant water heating, small home appliances such as kettles, hair straighteners, curlers, hair dryer etc.

MCH heaters have revolutionized the performance of soldering irons by offering rapid heating, precise temperature control, and energy efficiency. These advanced heating elements enable soldering professionals and hobbyists alike to work with greater accuracy and effectiveness. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect further enhancements in soldering tools driven by innovations in heating technologies like MCH.

If you have any question about the MCH heater, welcome to contact us at sales@innovacera.com.

Boron Nitride Ceramic Insulator For High Temperature Furnace

High temperature furnace designs contain heating elements made of carbon, tungsten or molybdenum. When the operating temperature of the high temperature furnace is significantly higher than 1500°C, the elements are electrical insulated from the furnace sides using aluminum oxide ceramics.

With the development of technology, more and more companies need high temperature electrical furnaces with shorter production cycles and faster heating and cooling speeds. These oxide ceramic insulation parts are easily subject to failure of components due to high pressure, which increases the downtime of the furnace.

Compared with traditional aluminum oxide materials, the working life of ceramic components made of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) is much longer. For thermal processes at extremely high temperatures and vacuum or inert conditions, boron nitride ceramics are often the only feasible solution. Boron nitride ceramic material max using temperature in inactive gas atmosphere is 2100°C.

In the field of high temperature furnaces, they includes: vacuum furnaces, hot pressing sintering furnaces, hot isostatic furnaces, Innovacera can provide a series of boron nitride precision machined components such as boron nitride sleeves, BN bushings, BN tubes, BN washers, BN insulators, BN insulation plates, BN flanges and other boron nitride ceramic insulator parts subjected to high thermal shock to meet customers’ specific requirements in the high temperature furnaces industry.

Boron Nitride Material Advantages

– 1. High temperature resistance: can maintain stable performance under high temperature environment.

– 2. No bonding: no bonding phenomenon, easy to use and handle.

– 3. Corrosion resistance: able to resist the erosion of various corrosive media.

– 4. Heat dissipation: has good heat dissipation performance.

– 5. Thermal conductivity: can effectively conduct heat.

– 6. Thermal shock resistance, high electrical breakdown strength (3-4 times that of alumina), carbon atmosphere corrosion resistance is much stronger than alumina.

– 7. It does not wet with aluminum water and can protect the surface of materials in direct contact with aluminum liquid, magnesium, zinc alloy, and slag.

Boron Nitride Material Properties

Properties	Unit	UHB	HB	BC	BMS	BMA	BSC	BMZ	BAN	BSN
Main Composition	–	BN>99.7%	BN>99%	BN>97.5%	BN+Al +Si	BN+Zr+Al	BN+SiC	BN+ZrO2	BN+ALN	BN+Si3N4
Color	–	White	White	White	White Graphite	White Graphite	Greyish- Green	White Graphite	Greyish- Green	Gray Black
Density	g/cm3	1.6	2	2.0 ~2.1	2.2 ~2.3	2.25 ~2.35	2.4 ~2.5	2.8 ~2.9	2.8 ~2.9	2.2 ~2.3
Three-Point Bending Strength	MPa	18	35	35	65	65	80	90	90	/
Compressive Strength	MPa	45	85	70	145	145	175	220	220	400 ~500
Thermal Conductivity	W/ (m·k)	35	40	32	35	35	45	30	85	20 ~22
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20 ~ 1000°C)	10-6/K	1.5	1.8	1.6	2	2	2.8	3.5	2.8	/
Max Using Temperature In Atmosphere In Inactive Gas In High Vacuum (Long Time)	°C	900 2100 1800	900 2100 1800	900 2100 1900	900 1750 1750	900 1750 1750	900 1800 1800	900 1800 1800	900 1750 1750	900 1750 1700
Room Temperature Electric Resistivity	Ω·cm	>1014	>1014	>1013	>1013	>1013	>1012	>1012	>1013	/
Typical Application	–	Nitrides Sintering	High Temperature Furnace	High Temperature Furnace	Powder Metallurgy	Powder Metallurgy	Powder Metallurgy	Metal Casting	Powder Metallurgy	Metal Casting
High Temperature Electrical Furnace Components	–	–	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Metal Vaporize Crucible			✓	✓					✓	✓
The Container of Metal or Glass Melting	–	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
The Casting Mould Components of The Precious Metal and Special Alloy.	–	–	–	✓	–	✓	–	–	✓	✓
High Temperature Support Part	–	–	–	–	–	✓	–	✓	✓	✓
Nozzle and Transport Tube of The Melting Metal	–	–	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Nitrides Sintering (Sagger and Setter Plate)	–	✓	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Remark: The valueisjustfor review, differentusing conditions wilhave alittle difference.

Advanced Machining Processes

INNOVACERA offers professional customized production of boron nitride with qualified quality. It ensures fast delivery within 15 to 30 days and can process a wide range. The largest BN block of high-purity boron nitride: 500*500mm.

Innovacera Boron Nitride Material Types:

– Pyrolytic Boron Nitride: 99.99% Boron Nitride*

– UHB: >99.7% Boron Nitride

– HB: >99% Boron Nitride

– BC: >97.5% Boron Nitride

– BAN: Boron Nitride + Aluminum Nitride

– BMZ: Boron Nitride + Zirconium Oxide

– BMA: Boron Nitride + Zirconium Oxide + Aluminum Oxide

– BSC: Boron Nitride + Silicon Carbide

– BMS: Boron Nitride +Silicon Oxide+Aluminum Oxide

– BSN: Boron Nitride + Silicon Nitride

Consult with Innovacera Engineers

If you need any boron nitride components for high temperatures industry application or any technology questions, welcome to contact us at sales@innovacera.com or 86 592 558 9730, we will do our best to meet your requirement.

Zirconia Ceramic Axles For Ultra Mini Motor Driver

Zirconia ceramic axles have good sliding features and it was made by zirconia ceramics, zirconia ceramic material is good choice for miniaturization dynamic systems. The zirconia ceramic axles manufacturing process request strict quality control and advanced ceramic technology . Zirconium oxide shaft elastic modulus and heat expansion coefficient are similar to steel and it is biocompatible. each shaft is carefully produce to ensure precise dimensions and smooth surfaces.

Zirconium oxide ZrO2 is a high mechanical load capacity technical ceramic material , have high load capacity and long service life performance when working in the ultra mini motor driver. The zirconia ceramic axles was installed in the planetary gears in ultra mini motor driver, due to this excellent’s zirconia ceramic performance, the ceramic axles help to extend the service life of ultra mini motor driver and more reliable.

Zirconia ceramic axles feature:

· Coefficient of thermal expansion similar to steel
· High mechanical load capacity
· High strength&hardness
· High fracture toughness
· Wear resistance
· Excellent thermal insulation
· Excellent sliding
· Low thermal conductivity
· Corrosion resistance in acids and alkalis

Zirconia axles properties:

Properties	Unit	Value
Composition	%	94.5% ZrO2 5.5% Y2O3
Specific Density	g/cm3	≥6.03
Hardness (HV)	GPa	>12
Coefficient (20-400°C)	10-6 /k	9.6
Elastic Modules	GPa	205
Fracture Toughness	MPa·m1/2	8-10
Crushing Load	KN	≥25 (S ⊄6.5mm)
Grain Size	μm	<0.5
Thermal Conductivity	w/(m·k)	3

Ceramic axles application:

The ceramic axles already widely use for application such as compact drives , gear, motor, sensor, controller, accessories .The use of zirconia ceramic axles in ultra mini motor driver planetary gears led to the birth of a series of individual cylinder ceramic rods and pins, such as ceramic linear guide, ceramic locating lever, ceramic splice, ceramic roller, ceramic bearings, ceramic housings for power tools.

Ceramic components are more wear-resistant than steel and make, e.g., ceramic gearheads are more precise and reliable. It is impressive that the benefits of ceramics as a material for sockets/connectors, guides, axles, and shafts.

zirconia ceramic axles also can be used for other fileds where request of extreme conditions for customized projects, such as request of saltwater-resistant, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistant, wear resistant, and also offer high efficiency, then you can use the zirconia ceramic spindles for underwater drives.

Other industry such as medical equipment, precision instruments, automotive, electronic and electrical, semiconductor, photoelectric, life scientific and aerospace industry also need zirconia ceramic axles for some special request.

Innovacera standard ceramic axes size:

Innovacera produce series of zirconia ceramic axles for ultra mini motor driver, here are some standard size for your reference:

Diameter: 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, 5.5mm, 6.0mm, 8.0mm.
Length: 2.4mm, 6.4mm, 7.4mm, 10.6mm, 13.8mm, 15mm, 35mm, 40mm, 60mm, 70mm, 120mm,

ΦD	L=2.4	L=6.4	L=7.4	L=10.6	L=13.8	L=35	L=40	L=60	L=70	L=120
0.8	0824	0864	0874	08106	08138	0835	0840	0860	0870
1.0	1024	1064	1074	10106	10138	1035	1040	1060	1070
1.5	1524	1564	1574	15106	15138	1535	1540	1560	1570
2.0	2024	2064	2074	20106	20138	2035	2040	2060	2070
2.5	2524	2564	2574	25106	25138	2535	2540	2560	2570
3.0	3024	3064	3074	30106	30138	3035	3040	3060	3070
4.0	4024	4064	4074	40106	40138	4035	4040	4060	4070	40120
5.0	5024	5064	5074	50106	50138	5035	5040	5060	5070	50120
5.5	5524	5564	5574	55106	55138	5535	5540	5560	5570	55120
6.0	6024	6064	6074	60106	60138	6035	6040	6060	6070	60120
8.0	8024	8064	8074	80106	80138	8035	8040	8060	8070	80120

Consult with Innovacera

If you need any zirconia ceramic components for high mechanical load capacity and and long service life application or any technology questions, welcome to contact us at sales@innovacera.com or 86 592 558 9730, we will do our best to meet your requirement.

Porous Ceramic as filter

Innovacera have two materials as Porous ceramics one is Aluminum Oxide and the other one is Silicon Carbide. For Aluminum oxide, the common pore size we make is 1um, 15um, 30um, 40um, 50um and 100um. Silicon carbide general pore size is 15um, 30um and 50um, both material porosity is 40%-50% . For other hole size and porosity, it can be customized as well with large quantity.

Between two, Aluminum oxide is more common used than silicon carbide as it is cost effective. But if you need to use under the max working temperature 800 degree-100degree, silicon carbide is only the one that available because Aluminum oxide with max 800 degree.

Here is the material data sheet for both:
Alumina Porous ceramic properties:

Material composition:	Al2O3>=80%, SiO2 16%-18%
Density:	2.3g/cm2-2.5g/m3
Hardness:	>=50HRA
Flexural Strength:	>= 40MPa
Compressive Strength:	>=600
Porosity:	40%
Pore Size:	1-2um, 5um, 15um, 30um, 40um, 50um, 100um and customized
Max Working temperature:	800 degree
Operating Pressure:	<=10MPa
Acid Resistance:	<=10mg/cm2
Alkali Resistance:	<=20mg/cm2

Silicon Carbide Porous ceramic properties:

Material Composition:	SiC>=88%, SiO2 12%
Density:	2g/cm2-2.2g/m3
Hardness:	>=40HRA
Flexural Strength:	>= 30MPa
Compressive Strength:	>=500
Porosity:	45%
Pore Size:	15um, 30um, , 50um and customized
Max working temperature:	1000 degree
Operating Pressure:	<=10MPa
Acid Resistance:	<=15mg/cm2
Alkali Resistance:	<=25mg/cm2

With properties like excellent chemical resistance, good wearing and erosion resistance in acid and alkali conditions, withstanding high temperature and uniform pore structure, porous ceramics are excellent material as filters in various industries. Here are part of common use:

1.Water Filtration: Porous ceramics can filter sediments, bacteria and other pollutants in water.

2. Air Filtration: Porous ceramics can remove contaminants and particulate matter from the air.

3. Oil and Chemical Filtration: Porous ceramics can separate impurities from oils and solvents, improving the quality of products.

4. Catalytic Filters: Porous ceramic can filter unwanted byproducts to facilitate chemical processes in automotive and industrial applications.

Besides the applications list above, it can also use in capillary electrophoresis, high temperature chemical support for gas absorption, high efficiency flow through catalytic supports, gas burners and chromatography.

Porous ceramics are effective as filters due to several key properties:

1.Pore Structure: in porous ceramic, it has the interconnected pores which can create a network allowing fluids to pass through while trapping particles and contaminants.

2.Chemical Stability: with good wearing and erosion resistance in acid and alkali conditions, it is suitable for filtering various fluids.

3.High Temperature Resistance: porous ceramics can withstand high temperatures max 1000 degrees.

Those properties make porous ceramics an ideal material applied as filters. Any more question about porous ceramic, just feel free to contact us at +86 592 558 9730 or sales@innovacera.com for more information.

Zirconia Ceramic Pin Rods For Cameras

Cameras rod components is very small and it was made by zirconia ceramic, the zirconia ceramic pin rods manufacturing process request strict quality control and advanced ceramic technology . Each rod is carefully produce to ensure precise dimensions and smooth surfaces. This attention to detail is essential for seamless integration into the camera’s design and for optimal performance.

Zirconia ceramics pin rods are often used in camera applications due to their excellent properties, they can serve various functions, including acting as guiding rods, support structures, or wear-resistant components in mechanisms like lens adjustments or focusing systems.

Zirconia ceramic pin rods feature:

· Coefficient of thermal expansion similar to iron
· High strength&hardness
· High fracture toughness
· Wear resistance
· Excellent thermal insulation
· Very high resistance to crack propagation, high fracture toughness
· Low thermal conductivity
· Corrosion resistance in acids and alkalis
· Modulus of elasticity similar to steel

Zirconia ceramic pin rods material properties:

Properties	Unit	Value
Composition	%	94.5% ZrO2 5.5% Y2O3
Specific Density	g/cm3	≥6.03
Hardness (HV)	GPa	>12
Coefficient (20-400°C)	10-6 /k	9.6
Elastic Modulis	GPa	205
Fracture Toughness	MPa·m1/2	8-10
Crushing Load	KN	≥25 (S ⊄6.5mm)
Grain Size	μm	<0.5
Thermal Conductivity	w/(m·k)	3

The Application of zirconia ceramic pin rods:

Zirconia rods for camera exceptional hardness provides a stable and reliable support structure within the camera, the zirconia ceramic wear resistance protects camera lens to avoid the scratches and corrosion.

With its good mechanical properties and stability, it provides support and protection for the internal structure of the camera.

Zirconia rods as part of the camera motor ensure the reliability and performance of the camera, which makes the camera can be used in a variety of environments.According to the design, function and application scenarios of the camera, different materials can be selected as the material of its motor accessories, such as zirconia can be selected as the material of the camera motor support rod for specific applications.

zirconia ceramic pin also can be used for other fileds: medical equipment, fluid control, communication devices, precision instruments, textile machine and aerospace industry. For example, zirconia ceramic can be used to manufacture the stem (tube) of the electrosurgical prostatectomy, Optical fiber tube, zirconia nozzles and mobile phone plate.

Consult with Innovacera

If you need any zirconia ceramic components for Photoelectric technology industry or any technology questions, welcome to contact us at sales@innovacera.com or 86 592 558 9730, we will try our best to meet your requirement.

LaB6 Elements Hollow Cathode Emitter for Thermionic Emission

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) is an inorganic compound with remarkable properties. It is a refractory ceramic material, characterized by a dark purple appearance, a high melting point of 2210°C, and excellent stability in both vacuum and harsh chemical environments—it is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid. Known for its low work function, LaB6 exhibits one of the highest electron emissivities, making it a highly efficient electron source.

LaB6 cathodes are high-performance, resistively heated thermionic electron emitters. Over the years, LaB6 hollow cathodes have demonstrated exceptional durability and reliability in electric propulsion systems. Hollow cathodes, which utilize materials with low work functions to efficiently emit electrons, are complex devices. LaB6 hollow cathodes with polycrystalline inserts are particularly well-suited for such applications due to their favorable properties.

Lanthanum Hexaboride Cathodes Advantages:

Extended lifespan
Exceptional stability
Low work function (high electron emissivity)
Strong resistance to thermal shock
Excellent electrical conductivity
Superior chemical and oxidation resistance

Lanthanum Hexaboride Applications:

Thermionic emission (cathodes)
Plasma sources for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)
Vacuum electron beam welding systems
Electron beam surface modification devices
Electron beam lithography systems
Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)
Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
Surface analysis systems
Radiotherapy devices
Properties of Lanthanum Hexaboride:

Lanthanum Hexaboride Properties:

Properties	Unit	Lanthanum Hexaboride
Purity	%	>99.5
Density	g/cm3	>4.30
Structure	/	polycrystalline
Vickers hardness	HV	1065
Shore hardness	HS	HS
Thermal conductivity	W/mK	15
Electrical Conductivity	S/m	1.83*10^6
Flexural strength	MPa	165

Lanthanum Boride Produce Process

Hot pressing sintering is a common method used to produce Lanthanum Boride (LaB6), especially due to its high melting point and excellent thermionic emission properties, Hot Press Sintering process for producing Lanthanum Boride is as below:

Raw Material Preparation-Powder Blending-Compaction-Hot Press Sintering Process
-Cooling and Finalization- Quality Control and Testing

Packaging of Lanthanum Boride

Given its fragile nature, LaB6 is typically vacuum-sealed in plastic bags, cushioned with thick foam, and packed in cartons to prevent damage during transportation. Special packaging arrangements can be made upon request.

Consult with Innovacera Engineers

Innovacera provide our customers with premium-quality Lanthanum Hexaboride ceramic components, supported by a team of experienced engineers who can assist with material selection and product design. For more information, please contact us at +86 592 558 9730 or email us at sales@innovacera.com.

Aluminum Nitride Substrate

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a advanced technical ceramic material that features an extremely interesting combination of very high thermal conductivity(up to230 W/m.K) and excellent electrical insulation properties.

This makes aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic substrate widely use in power electronics and microelectronics. For example, it is used as a circuit carrier (substrate) in semiconductors or as a heat-sink in LED lighting technology or high-power electronics.

Aluminum Nitride(AlN) Ceramic Substrate Advantages

·High thermal conductivity (170-230W/mK), up to 9.5 times than that of Aluminum Oxide ceramic substrate.

·Similar coefficient of thermal expansion to that of silicon (Si), GaN, and GaAs semiconductors. This helps to achieve high reliability of silicon (Si) chip and thermal heat-up cycling.

·High electrical insulation, and smaller dielectric constant.

·High mechanical strength (450MPa).

·Superior corrosion resistance against molten metal.

·Very high purity, no toxicity.

Material Properties of AlN Ceramics:

Properties	Unit	AN170	AN200	AN230	AN99	AN999
Color	–	Gray	Gray	Beige	Gray	Beige
Content of AlN	–	≥95%	≥95%	≥96%	≥99%	≥99.9%
Bulk Density	g/cm3	≥3.30	≥3.30	≥3.28	≥3.26	≥3.25
Flexural Strength	MPa	≥400	≥300	≥300	≥300	≥300
Compressive Strength	MPa	2500	2000	2000	2000	2000
Hv 500g	Gpa	10.5	9.5	9	9	9
Young’s Modulus	Gpa	300	300	300	280	280
Thermal Conductivity (@20°C)	W/m·K	≥170	≥200	≥220	~100	~90
Specific Heat	KJ/(Kg·K)	0.74	0.74	0.73	0.73	0.73
C.T.E (r.t.-400°C)	10-6/K	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
Volume Resistivity	Ω·cm 20°C	≥1014	≥1014	≥1013	≥1010	≥1010
Dielectric Strength	KV/mm	≥16	≥16	≥15	≥15	≥15
Dielectric Constant (@1MHz)	–	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
Loss Tangent (@1MHz)	×10-4	5	5	5	5	5

·Aluminum Nitride(AlN) Ceramic Substrates Applications

·Microelectronics: Ideal for use in integrated circuits and electronic devices.

·LED Packaging: Ensures effective heat management in LED applications.

·Power Electronics: Used in power modules and high-frequency circuits.

·Semiconductor Manufacturing: Provides a stable platform for semiconductor devices.

·Microwave and RF Components: Suitable for applications requiring high-frequency performance.

·Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Ceramic Substrates available for various metallization process, like Thin film, Thick film, Direct Bonded Copper, Active Metal Brazing and Direct Plated Copper.

In-House Advanced Machining Processes

Innovacera provides all the advanced services you need to shorten lead times and improve component quality.
Surface Finishes:
AF = As Fired
LBS = Lapped Both Sides (25u” Ra)
PBS = Polished Both Sides (2u” Ra)
P1S = Polished 1 Side (2u” Ra) / 2nd Side Lapped
Improved tolerances, surface finishes and alternate sizes are also available.

Standard & custom substrate available

Standard squares: 25.4mm, 50.8mm, 101.6mm and 114.3mm (1ʺ, 2ʺ, 4ʺ, 4.5ʺ)
Standard rounds: Φ101.6mm,Φ152.4mm, Φ203.2mm,Φ304.8mm and Φ356mm (4ʺ, 6ʺ,8ʺ,12ʺ,14ʺ)
Thickness available: 0.2~25.4mm (0.008ʺ to 0.140ʺ)
Custom shapes and sizes available for quoting!

Consult with Innovacera Engineers
Innovacera has a highly qualified staff to assist with material selection and product design. Please contact us today at +86 592 558 9730 or sales@innovacera.com for more information.

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